Understanding the Basics of the Foreign Exchange Markets

By Damian Papworth

The Foreign Exchange Market is the platform through which the different currencies of the world are traded. Also known as the Forex or the FX Market, it is the largest of any of the financial markets. The numbers posted in trading volume on a typical day are close to $4 trillion U.S. dollars, with around 1/3 of that amount traded in London markets.

Anyone who has ever changed money in a foreign country has gotten a taste of this system on its most basic level. Over the course of an extended visit in a foreign country, a traveler is sure to notice the rises and falls in the exchange rate.

Looking closer at the process in a newspaper's financial section, an observer might notice the "bid" prices versus the "ask" prices. Basically, a bank will set the "ask" price, which is the rate it will offer to buyers. This rate will be higher than the one someone selling back to the bank would receive (the "bid" price). The difference between these two prices is known as the "spread" and is the way a bank will profit from the Foreign Exchange Markets.

In terms of investment strategies for FX Markets, there are several different ways to approach it. For investors who like to read more extended trends of a national currency, the goal is to find the direction early. On the other hand, there is a lot of money to be made in short speculation, and the key is to guess right while laying down the maximum amount possible.

Because Forex Markets are profitable only when a tremendous amount of money is involved, the average stock market investor may see them as out of reach. The largest banks, which are also the ones setting the bid vs. ask price and getting access to these quotes, control the majority of transactions in the FX markets. Close to 80% of deals made everyday in the Forex Markets are transacted by one of the world's 10 biggest banks. Companies like JP Morgan, Barclay's and Deutsche Bank set the tone.

The Forex Markets are always a breeding ground for speculation. The aggressive investment style of hedge fund managers has been particularly useful in the currency exchange trading. Since the financial officers of governments have the ability to use Central Bank funds to slow down a currency's devaluation, it can prove difficult to see a trend complete its cycle. By overwhelming the market with capital, hedge fund investors have been able to overcome these effects.

The factors which have an effect on a currency's strength around the world are numerous: government budget deficits, as well as trade deficits, are key indicators, along with inflation levels, overall GDP movement, unemployment levels and government credit rating. In addition, political factors may also have an effect on the strength of a nation's currency, as when a nation's citizens begin to sell local currency off rapidly in favor of an international alternative.

One unique characteristic of the FX Markets is they never close during weekdays. Trading goes from New York to Europe to Asia, until the New York markets resume in the morning. - 23305

About the Author:

Damian Papworth has successfully traded high yield investments for much of his adult life. He understands their importance in any work from home plan.